The Representative PPP Tharparkar.

Dist: Head Quarter Mithi

   

INTRODUCTION OF THARPARKAR.

The district derives its name from Thar and Parkar. The name Thar is from Thul, the general term for the region sand ridges and Parkar literary means "to cross over". It was earlier known as Thar and Parkar district, but later became one word Tharparkar. Until 1990, the present district of Tharparkar, is spread over an area of 4,791,024 acres (19638sq: Kms). This District with present boundary has come into existence on 02-12-19990 as Thar. Prior to this the present geographical area was a sub-division of old District Tharparkar (Mirpurkhas) it was bifurcated into 2 Districts i.e. Mirpurkhas & Thar @ Mithi. The name of Present District was re-notified as “Tharparkar” on 19-10-1993. The head quarter of this District Mithi which is situated at distance of 150 Kms. 

         The district lies between 24° 10' to 25°45' north latitudes and 69' 04' to 71°06' east longitude. It is bounded on the north by Mirpurkhas and Umerkot districts, on east by Barmer and Jaisselmir districts of India, on west by district Badin and on south by Rann of Kutch. The total area of the district is 19,638. square kilometers. 

               

            District Tharparkar comprising of 4 Talukas i.e

1. Mithi,

2. Chachro,

3. Diplo

 4. Nangarparkar.

 having population of 914291 souls, as per census 1998,

DEH/ UC/ TALUKA WISE POPULATION AS PER CENSUS- 1998

DISTRICT THARPARKAR

Taluka Mithi,

Sno	Name of Union Council	Name of Deh		Population
				Male		Female	Total
1	Manjthi	1 Jhun		2564	2036		4600
		2 Buharari		914	905		1819
		3 Okraro		1451	1278		2729
		4 Manjthi		5989	5305		11294
				10918	9524		20442
2	UC Mithrio Bhatti		5 Mithrio Bhatti	2698	2407		5105
			6 Akheraj	2406	1977		4383
			7 Godhiar	1785	1387		3172
			Malanhore Khawria	3328	2769		6079
				10217	8540		18739
3	UC Mithi		9 Mithi Town	10370	9327		19697
			9 Mithi (Except town)	1951	1774		3725
4	UC Malanhore Vena		10 Lakhmiar	2044	1896		3940
			11 Pabuhar	2821	2510		5331
			12 Kerti	3539	3063		6602
				10355	9243		19598
5	UC Mohrano		13 Hadio	331	283		614
			14 Janhan	432	380		812
			15 Karam Ali	62	61		123
			16 Khanro	1865	1707		3572
			17 Luqman ji Wai	16	8		24
			18 Mundhwah	233	203		436
			19 Naukot	1698	1522		3220
			20 Rohalri	572	496		1068
			21 Nasir	51	40		91
			22 Nohto	629	566		1195
			23 Talhi	189	171		360
			24 Wasae pota	327	271		598
			25 Vijuto	4155	3309		7464
				10560	9017		19577
6	UC Jorou		26 Jorou	4945	4175		9120
			27 posarko	5816	4823		10639
			28lunihar	1313	1141		2454
				12074	10139		22213
7	U C KHario Ghulam Shah		29 KHario Ghulam Shah	3292	2865		6157
			30 Kumbhario	2386	2097		4483
			31 Mithrau Chuto	3917	3676		7593
				9595	8638		18233
8	UC islamkot		32Mataro Sand	3724	3204		6928
			33 Mithrio Fatoo	2505	2295		4800
			Islamkot town	5470	4957		10427
				11699	10456		22155
9	UC Sonal Beh		34 Islamkot (except town	4387	3835		8222
			35 Sonal Beh	5539	4785		10324
				9926	8620		18546
10	Kehri		36Kehri	1946	1789		3735
			37 Kurn	4033	3501		7534
			38 Griancho	2646	2278		4924
			39Waniath	1499	1256		2755
				10124	8824		18948
11	UC Singaro		40 Singaro	4462	3903		8365
			41 Jaindo dars	2333	1935		4268
			42 Sulleman Hajam	4202	3564		7766
				10997	9402		20399
12	UC Bhakou		43 Bhakou	2066	1814		3880
			44 Chhaho	3111	2704		5814
			45 Bapuhar	3982	3520		7502
			46 Naukerto	3149	2638		5787
				12308	10675		22983
Total of Taluka				129143	112405		241548

Taluka Nagarparkar

Sno	Name of Union Council	Name of Deh	Population
			Male	Female	Total

1	UC Harho	1 Ghoti	1704	1382	3086
		2 Rathi	2924	1748	3672
		3 Harho	1495	1310	2805
		4 Gundi	1469	1313	2782
		5 Shivlo	1866	1743	3609
		6 Bhima veri	1222	1095	2317
		7 Mam chero	1990	1038	2228
			10870	9629	20499
2	UC Phithapur	8 Pithapur	1375	1188	2563
		9 Saduras	1570	1352	2922
		10 Bhengano	1156	1105	2261
		11 Parodhro	1466	1404	2870
		12 Khurio	858	864	1772
		13 Berano	1483	1468	2951
		14 Ranpur	1361	1212	2573
		15 Surachand	665	566	1231
		16 Kasbo	1820	1723	3543
			11754	10882	22636
3	UC Satidera	17 Satidera	3111	2634	5745
		18 Balhari	4031	3419	7452
		19 Ohramar	1543	1313	2856
		20 Chotal	2023	1779	3402
			10710	9145	19855
4	UC Pilloo	21 Pilloo	3394	2894	6288
		22 Dabho	6689	5726	12415
		23 Somrate	2140	2012	4152
			12223	10632	22855
5	UC Virawah	24 Virawah	4413	3804	8217
		25 Dandhoro	3662	3319	6981
		26 Behrau	1638	1476	3114
		27 Landho waran	980	849	1829
		28 Mithrio Lanja	1912	1745	3657
			12605	11193	23798
6	UC Tigusar	29 Tigusar	3540	2934	6474
		30 Hirardeda	3209	2636	5845
		31 Missri Shah	4958	4079	9037
			11707	9649	21356
7	UC Nagarparkar	32 Nagarparkar	3293	3025	6318
		33 Kharoro	1175	1027	2202
		34 Mondhro	1885	1768	3653
		35 Onhar	1056	950	2006
		36 Khraryoon	1204	1104	2307
		37 Adhigam	1398	1280	2678
		38 Sabuson	1547	1396	2943
			11558	10550	22107
Total of Taluka			81427	71679	153106

Taluka Chacharo

Sno	Name of Union Council	Name of Deh	Population
			Male	Female	Total

1	UC Hirar	1 Hirar	1866	1483	3349
		2 Khudi	3799	3203	7002
		3 Dhariandhro	5297	4161	9458
			10962	8847	19809
2	UC Parno	4 Parno	10091	7086	17177
		5 Rohar Kellan	4121	3044	7165
			14212	10130	24342
3	UC Gadhro	6 Gadhro	3724	2530	6254
		7 Siar	4158	3228	7386
		8 Niblo	3850	2717	6567
			11732	8475	20207
4	UC Jesse- Jo- Par	9 Jesse- Jo- Par	8533	5852	14385
		10 Kharriyoon	3706	2656	6362
			12239	8508	20747
5	UC Mithrio Charan	11 Mithrio Charan	11666	8317	19983
6	UC Laplo	12 Laplo	12666	9513	22179
7	UC Rajoro	13 Rajoro	5420	4369	9789
		14 Dhaklo	3332	2769	6101
		15 Janjhi	3667	3337	7004
			12419	10457	22894
8	Chachro	16 Chachro	7594	6406	14000
		17 Milkam	3158	2439	5597
			10752	8845	19597
9	UC Tar Ahmad	18 Tar Ahmad	4639	3667	8306
		19 Arbilyar	2503	2110	4613
		20 Dheburi	2479	1909	8388
			9621	7686	17307
10	UC Saranghiar	21 Saranghiar	7761	5934	13695
		22 Charnore	4847	3975	8822
			12608	9909	22517
11	UC Tardos	23 Tardos	7067	5296	12363
		24 Rawat sar	6488	4798	11286
			13555	10094	23649
12	UC Khensar	25 Khensar	4564	3494	8058
		26 Kamarhar	8765	6798	15563
			13329	10292	23621
13	Kantio	27 Kantio	5102	4309	9411
		28 Tar Hameer	5099	3977	9076
			10201	8286	18487
14	UC Vejhiyar	29 Vejhiyar	2757	2268	5025
		30 Bhorkyoon	2193	1871	4064
		31 Rarli	3659	3074	6733
		32 Hanjital	2282	1971	4253
			10891	9184	20075
15	UC Dahli	33 Dahli	7353	5224	12577
		34 Charihar	2793	2021	4814
		35 Jogi Vero	2676	1834	4510
			12822	9079	21901
16	UC Pirane- jo -par	36 Pirane-Jo-Par	7145	4914	12059
		37 Sajann –jo-par	4340	3199	7539
			11485	8113	19598
17	UC Chelhar	38 Chelhar	7060	6364	13424
		39 Jaljhair	1458	1262	2720
		40 Pabuvero	2598	2102	4700
			11116	9728	20844
		Total of Taluka	202276	155481	357757

Taluka Diplo

Sno	Name of Union Council	Name of Deh	Population
			Male	Female	Total

1	UC Sobhiar	1 Sobhiar	4053	3485	7538
		2 Malihar	1634	1391	3025
		3 Sajai	2520	2239	4759
		4 Piluri	2096	1983	4079
		5 Singario	1240	1016	2256
			11543	10114	21657
2	UC Bolhari	6 Bolhari	1484	1127	2611
		7 Kun Rahmatullah	726	716	1442
		8 Chapanhar	2849	2265	5114
		9 Tando Niazi	677	592	1269
		10 Murad Lashari	1747	1488	3235
		11 Layari	1243	1019	2262
		12 Dhingario	2028	1634	3662
		13Rajar	1411	1151	2562
			12165	9992	22157
3	UC Diplo	Diplo Town	5193	4510	9703
		Diplo (Ecept Town)	1906	1607	3513
		15 Turkiyar	1524	1227	2751
		16 Dohar	983	854	1837
			9606	8198	17804
4	UC Bhitaro	17 Bhitaro	2672	2326	4998
		18 Sehri	2231	2031	4262
		19 Jang	2705	2304	5009
		20 Phant	3550	3206	6756
			11158	9867	21025
5	UC Dabhro	21 Dabhro	3070	2476	5546
		22 Sadhoi	1113	951	2064
		23 Sandooq	1721	1615	3336
		24 Thuhar Chaho	1126	922	2048
		25 Talo	755	649	1404
		26 Balihari	1324	1158	2482
		27 Saran	1881	1597	3467
			10990	9366	20358
6	UC Kaloi	28 Kaloi	3925	3493	7418
		29 Dodharo	2870	2604	5474
		30 Uth Daho	1825	1563	3388
		31 Kharak	1592	1356	2948
			10212	9016	19228
7	UC Jhirmario	32 Winagi	1336	1770	2506
		33 Paneli	844	786	1630
		34 Chachi Chapro	2191	1841	4032
		35 Kaunral	3683.	3106	6789
		36 Verhar	1065	962	2027
		37 Soomrasar	452	460	912
			9571	8325	17896
8	UC Khetlari	38 Khetlari	2979	2444	5423
		39 Hammera Bah	1361	1190	2551
		40 Chachi mora	3210	2685	5895
		41 Nabisar	1847	1612	3459
		42 Sadio	2371	2056	4427
			11768	9987	21755
Total of Taluka			87013	74867	161880

Rivers and Streams:

There is no river or stream in the district. However, in Nagar Parkar there are two perennial springs named Acbleshwar and Sardharo as well as temporary streams called Bhetiani river and Gordhro river after the rains. 


Climate:

The district has a tropical desert climate. In summer, when it is too hot during day time, the nights are remarkably cooler. April, May and June are the hottest months during the day. December, January and February are the coldest months. The mean maximum and minimum temperature during this period are 28°C and 9°C respectively.

There are wide fluctuations in the amount of rain fall from year to year and the yearly average for some areas is as low as 100 mm. Most of the rain falls between July and September, during the south -west monsoon, and is often concentrated in a period of two to three days.

History The history of this district is similar to that of other districts of the lower Sindh region. The major portion of Thar desert was in occupation of Parmar Rajputs named sodha and portion from east Chachro to Gadra and some area of Taluka Umerkot and Taluka Khipro of Sanghar District known as Khaor was ruled by Rathors. Sumras, a branch of Parmar Rajputs, possessed a portion of Mithi and Diplo talukas west of Chachro known as Deirak Pargna. When Mehmood Ghaznavi led expeditions on Somnath, it is believed that he passed through this desert a number of times.

In 1053 the Sumras embraced Islam taking advantage of the weak control of the Ghazni rule, broke off their allegiance and succeeded in establishing a chief of their own as an independent ruler of the eastern delta. Sumras of desert also acted similarly, claimed to be independent and captured Umerkot making it their capital. They then extended their rule practically to the entire desert. But it appears that the Sultans at Delhi continued to reassert their authority and Sumras were punished by Ghiyas-uddin and then by his son Muhammad Shah. In 13th or 14th century another Rajput tribe named Samma con- verted to Islam. In 1353 Sammas set up Jam Umer at Thatta as their ruler. The line ended with Jam Feroze who was defeated by Shah Baig Arghun in 1529.

In 1558 the Kalhora family rose into prominence. In the times of Noor Muhammad Kalhora a Baloch tribe of Talpur came into prominence in 1778. The struggle for power en- sued between Kalhoras and Talpurs and in 1783 Mir Fateh Ali Khan first of the Talpur line established himselfas Rais ofSindh and obtained afarman from the Afghan King Shah Zaman for his Government.

It was in 1843 when Sir Charles Napier became Victor of Sindh and this part was merged into katch Political Agency and Hyderabad Collectorate. Later on in 1858 the entire area became part of Hyderabad. Subsequently in 1860 it was renamed as "Eastern Sindh Frontier" with its Head Quarters at Umerkot handled by Political Superintendent. In 1882 it was renamed as District and its administrative head was Deputy Commissioner. Lastly in 1906 Head Quarters of the District was shifted to Mirpurkhas. Now in recent arrangements i.e. in December, 1990 district Tharparkar was bifurcated into two districts -Mirpurkhas and Thar- with its Head Quarters at Mithi. In October, 1993 the name of present district was again notified as Tharparkar.

Culture, Customs and Traditions Shah Latif portrayed whatever he searched out in the passionate lyricism with seven characters, all women symbolizing the determination for upholding 'truth' in an antagonistic status-quo largely directed by ever changing tide of time. Tharparkar is the central theme of this classical text consummated by the fascinating lyric and rhythm, Marvi a local Thari girl symbolizes the human attachment and relation ship with the institutions and traditions. The history of Tharparkar, in letter and spirit, is the account of this sentimental humanoid attachment and its reaction towards the changing nature of social fabric.

The indigenous myth and measures to cope with calamities like draught and dearth were loosing their potential in the wake of strong influence of cash economy. The fascinating colour of grazing lands and the romantic instinct of tending the flocks of cattle are diffusing in the mushrooming needs of daily life.

The tribes and castes in Tharparkar adopt a kaleidoscopic settlement pattern rather than territorial segregation. Successive waves of invasion have therefore created a mosaic of cultures and ethnic groups in Thar. But all have, in time, bowed to similar means of production and to a common material culture.

The Tharis are honest, hard-working people and are very generous in hospitality. The gatherings between castes is largely restricted to men. The locale for such interactions being the "autak". Each hamlet will have at least one "autak" situated a discrete distance beyond the thorn hedge of the family quarters. Failing an "autak" the nearest shady tree is designated for meetings with outsiders.

Women largely communicate within their own caste, within which they marry exclusively. Opportunities for meeting women ofother castes become more restricted with higher status. Rajput women observe strickpurdah (seclusion) while poorer Bajeer, Bheel, Menghwar and Kohli are freer to undertake their field tasks. 
Historical Places

Naukot:

This is known as gate way of the desert. The town has a fort of Talpur period which is still existing in the original shape. Talpurs had also built forts in Islamkot, Singaro and Mithi, which are not prominent as of Naukot. 

Gori:

Gori, some 23 Kms north -west from Virawah, contains a very fine old lain temple measuring 38 metres by 15 and built of marble. It was for several times plundered due to its popularity for abundances in wealth. It is a symbol of unique ancient construction. 

Nagarparkar:

Nagar Parkar in 24° 21' north latitude and 70° 47' east longitude is the chief town in the taluka of the same name. It is situated to the east of a range of low hills. This town is believed to be of some antiquity, and the existence of several ruined tanks in and about it seem to indicate a more prosperous condition in times gone by than is the case at present. About three kilometers to the south, in the Karunjhar rock, was/is a place of pilgrimage called Sardhara where there is a temple of Mahadeve. Below the temple to the north is a pool of water at which the Hindus perform ceremonies of the dead. Near the pool was a fort said to have been built by Chandan son of Gobindrai. The fort was destroyed in 1859 by order of the British Government in connection with the rebellion. At a distance of a Kilometer from Sardhara to the south is a stone statue of a cow against the rock out of which water flows into a tank. The tank is always full of water. Another place ofpilgrimage is Anchlisar, where there is a ling of Mahadev. There are three tanks here filled by springs. 

Reportedly this area was part of sea which was to be crossed therefore it was named as "Parkar". Literally it meal1s to cross over. Nagarparkar has on its north Chachro taluka and on west Mithi taluka of Tharparkar district. While on east of it Jodhpur. Rajistan (India) and on its south Rann of Kutch. The surrounding of Nagarparkar city comprisil1g of 62 kilometers area named as Parkar which is a Rocky belt and the remaining part is sandy area. Climatically the small rocks and sandy bhits both become extreme cold in winter and hot in summer. The Karoonjhar Hills art: circularly surroul1dil1g the Nagarparkar city for 26 kilometers. The granite stone of this mountain is used for making tiles. In summer different sounds are audible from the rock due to sulphur deposits. 

Mithi:

Mithi 24" 44' north latitude and 69" 51' east longitude. the head quarters of the district and taluka of that name, It possessed a Municipality, but it was abolished in 1905, It now contains a D.C" office. Mukhtiarkar office, Police station dispensary, Vernacular school. a Girls's school, a Post office and Musafirkhana, Embroidery work is done at Mithi, The nearest railway station is Chhor 53 kilometers distant, There are the ruins of two forts belonging to the periods at the beginning of last century when the Talpurs were bringing Thar and Parkar under their dominion, The principal one to the south of the village is the site of a sarai. It used to contain nine guns, The other is to the west of the village on a slight elevation. 

Virawah:

Virawah situated in north latitude 24" 31' and east Longitude 70" is a village about 24 kilometers from the town of Nagar Parkar. and is interesting only on account of the number of Jain ruins contained in the remaining of the old town of Pari Nagar adjacent. There are different traditions about Pari Nagar which is said to have been founded in the fifth or sixth century and to have been destroyed in the twelfth. It was a very populous and flourishing town. It is now a brick heap and only one small Jain temple remains standing. It was here that Mr. Giles. when Deputy Commissioner of the district. obtained the magnificently carved block of marble which is no"' in the Karachi Museum. 

Bhalwah:

Sin Board about Marvi

       

                          Well of Marvi.

This is the native village of Marvi, the most cherished and respected daughter of this land, a symbol of patriotism and chastity, who did not succumb to any pressure or lure. On the contrary she preferred to accept a pure thari life full of poverty and problems, instead of becoming Queen. This area is historically known as Malir, whereas present named Bhalwa become popular when Bhee/ settled at this village and renamed it as Bhalwa. 

Bhodisar:

Bhodisar is situated 3 kilometers away in the north. west of Nagarparkar, beneath the Karoonjhar Hills. This town happened to be the prosperous and affluent city of the time, which is eminent from the ancient constructions still found there. This place Bhodesar was formerly known as Bhodesar Nagry. There lived one Queen Bhodi. She had constructed a beautiful pond having metalled base. According to historians. on his way back to CJhazna. Sultan Mehmood Ghaznavi. after the consequent of Somnath in 1026 decided to pass through this desert. During his journey he lost the track and in search of water he arrived at this pond. Subsequently he constructed a memorial at this place which was later converted into Mosque by Sultan Mehmood Begra. Bhodisar was inhabited by Sodhas and Khosas who were the famous bandits and the people were scared of them. The repeated complaints were reaching in the court of Tughlaque in Delhi. resultantly Sultan Mehmood Begra lead his expedition to Parkar in 1504. and went back. Later his mother was looted at the same place along with other travelers. This instigated Sultan Mehmood Bogra to route out Sodhas and Khosas. He came in 1505 with full preparation and fought a bloody war at Bhodesar and constructed a beautiful mosque at this place. At this place about six kilometer north, north-west from Nagar Parkar there are the remains of three ancient Jain Structures supposed to have been built in A.D., 1375 and 1449. Two of them were previously used as stalls for cattle. and the third, the interior of which was very beautifull and interesting, had large holes in the back wall and was in a very neglected state. Close by is a tank 400 feet by 200, said to have been built 600 years ago by Bhoda Parmar, son of Prince Jeso Parmar, who finding that it would not retain water remedied the defect, under the advice of the Brahmans, by sacrificing his son to the goddess of the town.

Kasbo:

This is a small village situated 14 kilometers in the south of Nagarparkar, area was occupied by Thakurs (Sodhas) who migrated to India during 1971 War, The prominence of this area is only because it provide suitable soil and climate for agriculture This soil is extremely suitable for vegetables specially for onion, Besides sweet water is easily available at the depth of 25 to 40 feets, According to experiments each well can irrigate atleast four acres of land.